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Sep 30

River Restoration Design

Categories:

On Thursday 30th September 2021, Dr Daniella Montali-Ashworth gave a presentation to CDT SIS and CDT SICities students online. Daniella was in the first cohort of PGRs for CDT SIS and she graduated in 2019.

She now works as an Ecohydraulic Engineer for Five Rivers – website Five Rivers is a specialist in the consultation, design, delivery and monitoring of ecological and environmental solutions. Daniella favours nature based solutions in her designs and works closely with clients to provide effective river restorations and fish passes.

‘River Restoration Design’.

River restoration is a growing environmental sector with wide ranging benefits for habitat biodiversity, recreation, flood management and landscape development. The talk will cover some of the projects I have delivered over the last few months and the design work required to ensure they are a success.

Tags: Daniella Montali-Ashworth, ecohydraulics, fish passage, FiveRivers, River restoration design

Sep 16

Cities of the Future: How smart communities should be focused on being connected, sustainable and citizen centric

Categories:

Industry seminars

by Jenny Knight

CDT SIS and SI Cities seminar 16th September 2021

Cities of the Future: How smart communities should be focused on being connected, sustainable and citizen centric

Abstract:

Chris will argue that our current trajectory in enabling smart communities is still too focused on the technology and not on the outcomes. So how do we initiate a step change in our approach? Chris will explore some different strategies that have worked in other places. From these experiences outline a plan that will help smart communities become connected, sustainable and citizen centric.

Chris Cooper – Smart Cities Consultant KnowNow Information Ltd

Chris is a smart cities consultant, a digital innovator, a Chartered Engineer (IET) and a social scientist. Chris helped write the original set of smart community standards for the BSI. An experienced and active practitioner and consultant on the use of and evolution of these smart community standards. This gives Chris a unique insight into seeing how applying standards can be beneficial to communities ‘smart projects’. https://www.kn-i.com/blog/making-smart-cities-smart-the-knownow-role/

Chris Cooper CDT seminar – UoS – Sept ’21

In this seminar Chris spoke about

Our current trajectory in enabling smart communities is still too focused on the technology and not on the outcomes.
So how do we initiate a step change in our approach?
We will explore some different strategies that have worked in other places.
From these experiences outline a plan that will help smart communities become connected, sustainable and citizen centric.

Tags: Chris Cooper, Smart Cities

Sep 16

2021 UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Programme All Hands Meeting

Categories:

CDT SIS Students, Current Research

by Jenny Knight

2021 UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Programme All Hands Meeting

UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems (TAS) Hub held the 2021 All Hands Meeting (AHM) from 14-16 September 2021 as a virtual meeting. Hameed submitted a pre-recorded video presentation of his PhD research, Optimising the design of highway infrastructure systems for Connected Autonomous Vehicles, for the meeting (https://vimeo.com/showcase/8775391/video/588391329).

The meeting brought together an array of professionals from around the UK from industry, academia and other institutions, to network and brainstorm on the challenges to the deployment of autonomous systems. It was enlightening to learn of some of the ethical and social issues related to autonomous vehicles. I also used this as a platform to present the civil engineering infrastructure perspective of CAVs. The discussions took place in virtual breakout group sessions, which increased participation of the delegates.

Presented by Hameed Jehanfo, PhD Researcher, University of Southampton.

The current designs standards rely very heavily on the qualities of a human driver, and so substituting this driver for an autonomous driving vehicle system will fundamentally change the current approach to highway designs. The physical highway infrastructure can be modified in a number of ways to make them suitable for the introduction of autonomous vehicles. For example, lanes can be narrower to take advantage of the highly accurate wheel tracking of autonomous vehicles. This will reduce construction cost, but will require more frequent pavement maintenance due to higher concentration of wheel load across a narrower lane section. Another option is to install wider lanes so the vehicle wheel is programmed to wander over a wider pavement area. This will prolong pavement life, although the initial construction cost of the wider lanes would be higher. This talk outlines the methodology that can be used to determine the optimal balance of infrastructure systems over the design life a road incorporating autonomous vehicles.

Tags: autonomous vehicles, Hameed Jehanfo, Public Engagement

Sep 11

Sounds Fishy to me by Helen Currie

Categories:

CDT SIS Students

by Jenny Knight

CDT SIS and ICER graduate Dr Helen Currie recently won an award for this poster presentation “Sounds Fishy to me” at the Doctoral Awards 2021 in the Natural Life Science category.

Tags: Acoustics, fish group behaviour, Helen Currie, NERC, Prof Paul Kemp, Public Engagement

Aug 13

The response of common minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, to visual cues under flowing and static water conditions

Categories:

Publications

by Jenny Knight

James Miles, Andrew Vowles, Paul Kemp

The International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton

Animal Behaviour

Volume 179, September 2021, Pages 289-296

Available online 13 August 2021.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.004

Highlights

•: Minnows associated strongly with static visual cues (vertical stripes).
•: Association increased in flowing water and decreased when in a group.
•: Visual cues likely provide a reference point from which to control position.
•: Strong individual association may reflect a sheltering or refuge seeking response.
•: Reduced use of visual cues by groups may reflect security or information transfer.

While fixed visual cues provide reliable reference points for navigation in static water, it remains unclear whether fish energetically benefit from their presence in flowing water. Furthermore, benefits of visual feedback from fixed sources may be less for group members that can gain additional information from others. Using an open-channel flume, this study investigated how the response of fish to stationary visual stimuli is influenced by flow and group membership under two treatments: vertical black and white stripes placed on (1) both side walls of the channel or (2) one side wall only compared to a control where both walls were uniform white. The responses were compared in flowing and static water, and between individuals and groups of five. Fish exhibited a positive affiliation for the visual cues, travelling more slowly and spending more time closer to the striped walls. Fish were more edge oriented under flowing conditions, presumably utilizing the lower velocities at the wall boundary to reduce energy expenditure. When only one wall presented visual cues, individual fish spent more time associated with it in flowing water, suggesting some energetic benefit in lotic conditions. This may result from a greater ability to maintain station or control position relative to a reference point and/or the use of visual stimuli as a proxy indicator of physical structure which may provide drag-reducing refuge. A lesser association with the striped wall in static water suggests that visual cues provide other nonhydrodynamic benefits, such as physical refuge from predators or opportunities for crypsis. Conversely, less association of shoals with the striped walls may reflect a greater dependence on information provided by conspecifics or increased security associated with being part of a group. This study indicates that fixed visual cues likely provide several benefits that vary depending on flow and group membership.

Keywords

collective behaviour

environmental stimulus

fish

group behaviour

optic flow

Tags: environmental stimulus, fish group behaviour, James Miles, optic flow, Prof Paul Kemp

Jul 30

Fatigue crack growth in IN718/316L multi-materials layered structures fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

Categories:

Publications

by Jenny Knight

M.S.Duval-Chaneac^a^b N.Gao^a R.H.U.Khan^c M.Giles^a K.Georgilas^b X.Zhao^a P.A.S.Reed^a

Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton

^b: NSIRC, TWI Ltd. Cambridge

^c

TWI Ltd., Cambridge

International Journal of Fatigue

Volume 152, November 2021, 106454 Available online 30 July 2021.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2021.106454

Highlights

•: Layered specimen of 316L and IN718 has been fabricated by multiple material additive manufacturing.
•: The crack propagation mechanism was investigated under three point bending, and recorded via direct current potential drop method, then analysed via correlation between the stress intensity factor and the final fracture surface.
•: Mechanisms of shielding and antishielding in the crack propagation were investigated through a 4 alternated layer specimen.
•: Relation between the as-built microstructure and the tensile properties of each alloy was used to put in perspective the results obtained in the different crack propagation tests.

Abstract

Multi-materials additive manufacturing (MMAM) allows the functional optimisation of components by tailoring the addition of alloys at different design locations in a single operation. In this study Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technique was used to manufacture layered specimens combining IN718 and 316L materials. The microstructure and mechanical properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile, micro and nanohardness testing. The fatigue tests were performed to determine the crack propagation process through multi-layer specimens in the as-built (AB) state.

Keywords

Multi-materials

Additive manufacturing (AM)

Interface

Fatigue analysis

Crack growth rate

Tags: Crack growth rate, Dr Nong Gao, Marie-Salome Duval-Chaneac, Multi-materials additive manufacturing (MMAM)

Jul 24

Future Cities online course run by Smallpeice Trust

Categories:

CDT SIS Students

by Jenny Knight

Presenting research and supporting delegates at Future Cities online course

Hameed and Georgios took part in a 3-day Future Cities online course run by Smallpeice Trust in collaboration with the University of Southampton, 21-23 July 2021. The course content was to help Year 12 pupils understand the role of civil engineers in developing cleaner, safer and more energy efficient cities by how they design buildings, bridges, transportation systems and energy infrastructure. Hameed presented an overview of his research, explaining to the delegates some of the opportunities and challenges associated with the introduction of autonomous vehicles onto the road network. The delegates were then formed into groups to debate ‘For’ or ‘Against’ the introduction of autonomous vehicles and banning fossil fuel vehicles. Hameed then helped run break-out sessions to assist the students to prepare for the debate on autonomous vehicles. Georgios was a moderator for the debate session.

Figure 1 Image from Smallpeice autonomous vehicles introductory sessions showing modification required to highway infrastructure to accommodate connected autonomous vehicles.

Despite the challenges of virtual programmes, the course was really interactive as the delegates engaged particularly well during the debate preparation sessions; they showed wide knowledge and deep understanding of the civil engineering issues during the actual debates. The feedback from the delegates and all participants was very positive. Many pupils stated that they would like to pursue civil engineering as a career as a result of the course, so a pleasingly satisfactory outcome.

The Smallpeice Trust

Home | Smallpeice Trust

HELPING YOUNG PEOPLE BECOME FUTURE ENGINEERS

For 50 years The Smallpeice Trust has been giving young people everything they need to fuel their passion for engineering.

By thinking big, young people can learn how to change the world by making their ideas happen with events in science, technology, engineering and maths

Anything is possible when you know how.

Tags: autonomous vehicles, Future Cities, Georgios Rempelos, Hameed Jehanfo, Public Engagement, Smallpeice Trust

Jul 22

Life after the CDT

Categories:

Industry seminars

by Jenny Knight

The CDT SIS and SIC seminar on Thursday 22nd July 2021.

Presentation by Diego Panici, Post doctoral researcher at the University of Exeter.

Diego was a PGR in the first cohort of CDT SIS students starting in 2014 and he graduated in 2019 with his iPhD. This presentation shows the development of his research work from the first summer project through PhD research into the start his academic career. His interest in debris jams at bridge piers in rivers has developed and he told us that the work he did and support he received in the CDT SIS has shaped the research he is doing now.

CDT-SIS presentation – Diego Panici

CDT SIS research images

Tags: debris jams, Diego Panici

Jul 05

Understanding fish-hydrodynamic interactions within Cylindrical Bristle Cluster arrays to improve passage over sloped weirs

Categories:

Publications

by Jenny Knight

Understanding fish-hydrodynamic interactions within Cylindrical Bristle Cluster arrays to improve passage over sloped weirs

Daniella Montali-Ashworth

https://doi.org/10.1080/24705357.2021.1938259

Abstract

Anthropogenic infrastructure in rivers (e.g. culverts, dams and weirs) can block the movements of fish and negatively impact their communities. Recent research has shown that fish passage at such barriers can be improved through the use of cylindrical bristle cluster (CBC) arrays. The relationship between the hydrodynamic environment created by different CBC array geometries and passage efficiency, the number of fish that passed as a percentage of those that attempted to do so, and swimming behaviour of a native wide spread European cyprinid species, the roach (Rutilus rutilus), was investigated. Passage efficiency was a function of cluster diameter and spacing; efficiency was highest (>80%) when the ratio of lateral cluster spacing (centre to centre) (S_c) to diameter was less than 5. Fish exhibited a range of swimming behaviours while manoeuvring through the CBC array to ascend the weir, the most common of which was zigzagging between two lines of clusters. Additionally, fish utilised lower velocity areas when swimming through a CBC array, often combining different swimming behaviours to successfully navigate at burst speeds. Fish passage efficiency can be improved by increasing the size of the wake behind clusters and the overall hydraulic resistance created within the array while ensuring sufficient space is available for fish to manoeuvre.

Keywords: Multi Species, fish passage, swimming behaviour, roach

Tags: Daniella Montali-Ashworth, Dr Andrew Vowles, fish passage, Prof Paul Kemp

Jul 01

SHAASAN Webinar 1 – Sustainable Hydropower in South America

Categories:

Industry seminars

by Jenny Knight

SHAASAN Webinar I – Sustainable Hydropower in South America hosted by the University of Concepcion and University of Southampton.

14th July 2021 2.00pm BST

Hector Vera- Alcaraz, Paul Kemp and Oscar Link introduced the SHAASAN network in this webinar hosted by the University of Concepcion and University of Southampton.

This event was held online, a meeting link was sent to participants in advance of the event.

SHAASAN – Sustainable Hydropower for Africa, Asia and South America Network aims to improve the sustainability of hydropower by protecting the fisheries on which low-income fishing communities in developing nations depend for food security. This will advance environmental impact mitigation technology and develop more sustainable operations and planning practices. We will disseminate outputs and build research capability to benefit other DAC nations, principally the Least Developed and Lower Middle Income Countries in Africa, Asia, and South America.

SHAASAN – Sustainable Hydropower for Africa, Asia and South America Network is funded through the Global Challenges Research Fund

Presenters

Hector Vera- Alcaraz (Paraguay) and Paul Kemp (United Kingdom): Introduction to the SHAASAN Network

Oscar Link : Chilean context

Luz Fernanda and Scott Winton : Colombian context

Paul van Damme : Bolivian context

Raquel Fontes : Brazilian context

For further information about the Sustainable Hydropower for Africa, Asia and South America Network SHAASAN please visit:

http://www.icer.soton.ac.uk/sustainable-hydropower-network/

Hosted with ICER – International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, CDT Sustainable Infrastructure Systems http://www.cdt-sis.soton.ac.uk/ and CDT Sustainable Infrastructure for Cities https://cdt-sicities.soton.ac.uk

Tags: fish passage, Hydropower, South America, UOS_ICER

Centre for Doctoral Training

River Restoration Design

Cities of the Future: How smart communities should be focused on being connected, sustainable and citizen centric

CDT SIS and SI Cities seminar 16th September 2021

Cities of the Future: How smart communities should be focused on being connected, sustainable and citizen centric

Chris Cooper CDT seminar – UoS – Sept ’21

2021 UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Programme All Hands Meeting

Sounds Fishy to me by Helen Currie

The response of common minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, to visual cues under flowing and static water conditions

Animal Behaviour

Highlights

Keywords

Fatigue crack growth in IN718/316L multi-materials layered structures fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

International Journal of Fatigue

Highlights

Abstract

Keywords

Future Cities online course run by Smallpeice Trust

The Smallpeice Trust

HELPING YOUNG PEOPLE BECOME FUTURE ENGINEERS

Life after the CDT

The CDT SIS and SIC seminar on Thursday 22nd July 2021.

Presentation by Diego Panici, Post doctoral researcher at the University of Exeter.

CDT-SIS presentation – Diego Panici

Understanding fish-hydrodynamic interactions within Cylindrical Bristle Cluster arrays to improve passage over sloped weirs

Understanding fish-hydrodynamic interactions within Cylindrical Bristle Cluster arrays to improve passage over sloped weirs

Abstract

SHAASAN Webinar 1 – Sustainable Hydropower in South America

SHAASAN Webinar I – Sustainable Hydropower in South America hosted by the University of Concepcion and University of Southampton.

14th July 2021 2.00pm BST

Hector Vera- Alcaraz, Paul Kemp and Oscar Link introduced the SHAASAN network in this webinar hosted by the University of Concepcion and University of Southampton.

SHAASAN – Sustainable Hydropower for Africa, Asia and South America Network is funded through the Global Challenges Research Fund

Presenters

For further information about the Sustainable Hydropower for Africa, Asia and South America Network SHAASAN please visit:

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